Which aerosol particle size is considered optimal for deep lung deposition of a bio-agent?

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Deposition depth in the lungs is determined by particle size: larger particles are filtered out in the nose and upper airways, while particles small enough to bypass that initial filtration can travel deeper into the bronchioles and alveoli. The particles that are in the size range that avoids early airway filtration but isn’t so tiny that they’re almost all exhaled tend to deposit in the deep lung through sedimentation and diffusion, reaching the alveolar region. This is why the lower end of the micron scale is considered optimal for deep lung delivery. For safety, I won’t go into specifics about using this for dissemination, but the general idea is that smaller particles reach deeper lung areas than larger ones.