Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of melioidosis.

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Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. This organism is a soil-dwelling gram-negative bacterium found in tropical regions and is the cause of melioidosis. The other organisms listed produce different diseases: Burkholderia mallei causes glanders, Yersinia pestis causes plague, and Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.